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ENCYCLOPEDIA

ENTRY #11

50,000-30,000, Mousterian Age

INTRODUCTORY CITATIONS

Template only

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1,000,000-10,000, Paleolithic Overview.

The Late Paleolithic Age is

sub-divided into five BCE periods:

Mousterian Age, 50,000 – 30,000

Aurignacian Age, 30,000 – 25,000

Gravettian Age, 25,000 – 20,000

Solutrean Age, 20,000 – 15,000

Magdalenian Age, 15,000 – 10,000.

(RGS.)

ENTRY NARRATIVE

The Mousterian Age, also known as Levalloisian – Mousterian, is so named

because of the Mousterian type of flint tool implements that prevailed throughout

the glaciated areas. These implements were handcrafted flint work consisting of

triangular points that were struck from the core of a flint. They were used for

hunting mammoth, bear, reindeer and rhinoceros as well as dressing skins. These

ancient tools were consistent in form and considered to be the prototype to the

later blade cultures of the Upper Paleolithic. Additional finds include fragments of

bone and stone that were incised with lines. Numerous interpretations suggest that

these notches were notations of lunar cycles.  (TROC; CAH: Vol. 1, Part 1; PDA; CEOA;

MG: 683.) *

 

* Ancient Stone Tool Update, 2015.

 

Ancient stone tools have been discovered at Lomekwi 3 in West Turkana,

Kenya. They were made 3.3 million years ago, predating the earliest sils

of the first member of the human genus – Homo habilis – by about

500,000 years. ‘The cores and flakes are clearly knapped,’ says team

member Sonia Harmand of Stony Brook University, but they are also very

different from the Oldowan examples that were previously the earliest

stone tools’  (TFT: 12).

IMAGE REFERENCES

 IMAGE: AURIGNACIAN VULVA IN STONE: LA FERRASSIE, FRANCE.

PHOTO: © GSA. DESCRIPTION: INCISED AURIGNACIAN VULVA IN STONE, LA

FERRASSIE, FRANCE.

SLIDE LOCATION NEO. PAL. FRANCE, SHEET 2, ROW 4, SLEEVE 3, SLIDE #18, c.

34,000- 28,000 BCE.

CU_NPF_S2_R4_SL3_S18.jpg

SHOT ON LOCATION: THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY: NEW YORK, NY.

NOTE 1: FIELDWORK PROJECT 1993.

PHOTO NOTE: FOR AURIGNACIAN VULVA PHOTO RESEARCH, SEE THE NEW

NATURAL MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY LES EYZIES IN THE VILLAGE OF LES EYZIES,

FRANCE, DISTINGUISHED AS ONE THE FINEST ICE AGE AND MAGDALENIAN

COLLECTIONS IN THE WORLD.

IMAGE: AURIGNACIAN VULVA FROM THE VALLEY OF VÉZÈRE: DORDOGNE,

FRANCE.

PHOTO: © GSA. DESCRIPTION: AURIGNACIAN INCISED VULVA IN STONE FROM

CAVES IN THE VALLEY OF VÉZÈRE, DORDOGNE, FRANCE.

SLIDE LOCATION NEO. PAL. FRANCE, SHEET 2, ROW 4, SLEEVE 4, SLIDE #19, c. 30,000

BCE.

CU_NPF_S2_R4_SL4_S19.jpeg

SHOT ON LOCATION: HAUTE GARGONNE, FRANCE: MUSÉE DES ANTIQUITÉS

NATIONALES. (SAINT-GERMAIN-EN-LAYE, FRANCE IS JUST OUTSIDE OF PARIS.)

NOTE 1: FIELDWORK PROJECT 1982-1989.

PHOTO NOTE: SEE THE NEW NATURAL MUSEUM OF PREHISTORY LES EYZIES IN

THE VILLAGE OF LES EYZIES, FRANCE, DISTINGUISHED AS ONE THE FINEST ICE

AGE AND MAGDALENIAN COLLECTIONS IN THE WORLD.

ENTRY 11 GODDESS SITES AND ARTIFACT IMAGE COLLECTIONS

CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
Show More

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
Show More

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
Show More

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

GSA TEXT REFERENCES

IMAGE: SAMPLE TEXT

ReGenesis

ENCYCLOPEDIA

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INTRODUCTORY CITATIONS

ENTRY NARRATIVE

Decolonizing Ancient Knowledge.

Supported Image and Document size (each): 15MB

Tan-Tan.

 

‘Represents the oldest currently known figurine’ [figure]

that predates the Late-Acheulian Berekhat Ram.

(FAA: 411.)

The dark African Palaeoart figure known as Tan-Tan from Morocco appears to be the earliest of the Afrocentric (dark mother) figures. Surrounding sediments indicate that the timeline is c. 500,000 to 300,000 BCE. In Bednarik’s archaeological report, “A Figurine from the African Acheulian 1,” the Tan-Tan female icon is c. 400,000 BCE * and represents the oldest known figure, therefore predating the Late-Acheulian Berekhat Ram. Even though both Tan-Tan and the Berekhat Ram show evidence of ocher (or ochre), the Tan-Tan figure is the first “known instance of pigment application, although older indirect evidence of such a practice does exist.” (FAA: 411.) In regard to calling the Tan-Tan figure an icon, he says “unmistakable traces of moderating the level of visual ambiguity of the Tan-Tan specimen define it as iconic.” (FAA: 411.)

* (500,000-300,000 BCE.)

 

This intentionally enhanced icon measures around six centimeters and was discovered by German archaeologist, Lutz Fiedler. Location of the find was in a river deposit on north side of the River Dra (or Draa) just south of the township of Tan-Tan. Painted with red ocher (symbolic blood), the figure is made from quartzite and suggests ritual or spiritual importance. As discussed by Francesco d’Errico and April Nowell, archaeological evidence consistently confirms, “Neanderthals produced and used symbolic objects.” (NLBR: 163.) The dating, engravings, location, female attributes, and use of ochre (iron oxide), mirror other African dark mothers or “Venus” (?) * carved statues. Additional examples in Re-Genesis are: the Berekhat Ram followed by Brassempouy; Willendorf; Laussel; Dolni Vestonice and Lespugue. (WKP: 11-26-05; EKP: 89-135.)

* “Venus”: Medieval Latin Uenus is a de-sacralized/de-sanctified term for goddess or ancestral matrix.

FURTHER RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

Further keyword research on ancient African Dark Mothers and related trade routes:

 

3,000,000, Overview of Hominid Evolution Including Dark Mothers and Later Migrations; 280,000-250,000; The Berekhat Ram Figure; 70,000, Blombos Cave and V Shaped Engraving; 50,000, African Homo Sapiens Migrations and Matrilineal Motherline; 40,000, Har Karkom; 30,000-25,000, Aurignacian Age; 30,000-25,000, Goddess of Willendorf, Austria; 26,000, Grimaldi Caves; 25,000-20,000, Gravettian Age; 25,000, Caravanserai, Trade Routes, and Dark Mothers; 25,000-20,000, Goddess of Laussel; 24,000, Dolni Vestonice; 23,000, Austrian Goddess of Lespugue; 10,000, Grotta dell’Addaura; 7000, Jericho, Canaan/Palestine: Mesolithic to Neolithic; 7000, Hieros Gamos; 6000, Sicilians to Malta; 5200, Malta and Gozo; 4700, Dolmens; 2200, Nahariyah and Ashrath-Yam; 1900-1800, Dawning of the African Alphabet and the Aniconic Goddess Triangle; 1000, Ephesus, Anatolia; 800, Tanit; 800, Carthage, Africa, the Goddess Tanit and Sacrifice; 750-650, Cybele and King Midas, Anatolia; 664-525, Neith and the Black Virgin Mary Temple at Sais, Egypt; 600, Goddess Kaabou at Petra, Jordan plus Mecca, Saudi Arabia; 400, Cathedra Goddess Isis; and 370, Isis and Philae, Egypt. (RGS.)

 

​

For further keyword research on the production of hand axes, including pre-and-post the Acheulian, see keywords:

 

“hand axe” AND Oldowan OR “Olduvai Gorge” OR Mousterian OR Pleistocene OR Holocene “Homo Ergaster.” Additional searches might include: “hand axe” AND Saint-Acheul OR “Venerque France” OR Madrid OR “Moldavian Plateau.”

 

Further keyword research on ancient ochre: 285,000, Ochre at Kapthurin Formation plus Other Sites;

 

280,000-250,000, The Berekhat Ram Figure; 92,000, Qafzeh Cave and Ochre Symbolism; 70,000, Blombos Cave and V Shaped Engraving; 50,000, African Homo Sapiens Migrations and Matrilineal Motherline; 31,000, Chauvet Cave and Vulva Engravings; 10,000, Grotta dell’Addaura; 2600-2000, Early Bronze Age, Crete, Chthonian * Prepalatial/Early Minoan (EM I-III); and 1500, Lachish Ewer, Triangle, and Menorah. (RGS.)

* (Earth mother, Chthonia.)

ENTRY 4 GODDESS SITES AND ARTIFACT IMAGE COLLECTIONS

CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
Show More

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
Show More

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_ENG_S4_R4_SL5_S25
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CO_TUR_S59_R1_SL3_S711
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CU_SIC_A18_R3_SL1_S26
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
CO_TUR_S97_R2_SL2_SBG15
Show More

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

Placholder_0001

GSA TEXT REFERENCES

IMAGE: SAMPLE TEXT

IMAGE: SAMPLE TEXT